This personal essay was written for my english class free essay sample

Health communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wellbeing correspondence - Essay Example I can make more noteworthy progress in the group through difficult work to beat the pressure. I lean toward feeling to deduction. The fundamental purpose behind this is the need to keep up relational associations with others. I generally pick individual worries about the government assistance of others over indifferent realities and target standard since it considers the perspectives of people engaged with a circumstance. ‘Feeling’ empowers one to keep up agreement and consider people’s values, dissimilar to ‘thinking’, which requires the use of standards. In light of the article, the higher commonness of â€Å"feeling† people in nursing is a direct result of the requirement for congruity in the work environment. Those with an inclination for ‘thinking’ persevere through less worry than those with an inclination for ‘feeling’ (Nash, 2011). Nursing expects one to advocate for human-focused qualities that are in accordance with the way that individuals respond and feel. It empowers one to make singular exemptions for singular cases, rather than speculation, which expects one to stand firm to sketched out standards and hold firm to approaches. I concur with Anthony Espinoza that one can deal with pressure splendidly, contingent upon the circumstance. What's more, stress decreases a person’s level of center, and it might prevent collaboration exercises that require coordination of endeavors. Sentiments regularly supersede thinking in light of the fact that about the need to keep up relational connections. For example, an attendant ought to be minding to patients, and they frequently accomplish this through a presentation of sentiments, regardless of the pressure they suffer in their long and debilitating work hours. I concur with Angela Bregstrom that a large number of worry from better places is hard to deal with. For example, in the event that one encounters worry at the working environment, it is just right that they ought not encounter worry at home or at school. The capacity of worry to emerge from practically all parts makes it a variable that requires most extreme consideration before its

Ace These Most Frequently Asked MBA Interview Questions

Ace These Most Frequently Asked MBA Interview Questions In a recent article published in U.S. News World Report, the warning business school applicants dread to hear is clear:If you tank your MBA interview, your odds of admission plummet. You can help ensure that doesnt happen to you by thoroughly preparing for the exchange and the hardball questions that await. Some schools are known for asking their applicants out-of-left-field questions such as, If you were a tree, what kind would you be?U.S. News World ReportIf you were a tree, what kind would you be? Its questions like this that throw MBA applicants off in their interview and create uncomfortable, unprepared moments. Photo by Todd Quackenbush on Unsplash.The article goes on to explain the five most difficult MBA interview prompts that often get asked of unsuspecting interviewees. These are:What is your biggest weakness?Tell me about a time you failed.Describe a poor manager youve had.Tell me about an ethical dilemma you faced.Tell me about yourself.So, lets look at the best way to ace the prompts when you encounter them in an MBA interview, and consider some others that also tend to be asked often.What is your biggest weakness?Before you answer this one with I work too hard or Im too much of a perfectionist, stop. Dont. Its not an honest answer and the reason the interviewer is asking it is to see how honest your response is. Obviously, you dont want to answer with I have a drinking problem or I am always late, but there are still options that will give the interviewer the sincerity he or she is looking for, as well as give you an opportunity to show that you believe in personal improvement and evaluation.The best way to answer this question is to use the moment of weakness to show your parallel strength(s). For example, if youve had a less than stellar academic record, you might say, I struggle with test taking, so my grades in undergrad have suffered. But Ive learned a few strategies that help since then and I dont foresee this being an issue in my MBA prog ram. By admitting to your weakness, youve a) answered a red flag that the committee had already noted anyway, and b.) showing that you work on improving yourself and are determined.Tell me about a time youve failed.In much the same way a question relating to your biggest weakness provides an opportunity for sincerity and showing your strengths, tell me about a time youve failed is a tricky one to answer. The interviewer is wanting a specific moment that you experienced failure, so its best to approach this one with an anecdote that youve prepared beforehand (rather than being caught off guard and on the spot).For example, you might explain about the time you needed to prepare an important presentation at work but waited until the last minute and was unable to pull it together in time, thus embarrassing your boss. Explain within in that same story the consequences you faced for that failure, and how it taught you an important lesson about having enough time to prepare something thoro ughly. Be sure to accept responsibility for your failure without pinning the blame on someone else, since this is a quality your interviewer will be looking for in you.Describe a poor manager youve had.Whether in life or in academia, you will always encounter colleagues and peers who underperform or who are difficult to work with. MBA interviewers understand this and want to see how professionally you handle yourself in these circumstances, so they ask questions like this one.The most important thing to keep in mind is that even though it might seem like it, this is not the opportunity to bad-mouth someone youve worked for in the past, so dont use it as one. To answer the question honestly, youll need to explain why someone was difficult to work with, but you should still remain as objective and professional as possible in doing so.For example, your answer might be something like this: A particular manager I had when working at [XZY company] was rarely on-site and didnt understand h ow things worked. The few times she did visit, it was rushed and she was on her phone for most of it instead of speaking with employees. I was consistently asked to bring her up to speed on things she could have learned from being on the job daily and her lack of physical presence started to become an issue for everyone in the department, especially when she gave them negative reviews.You might then follow up that story with something along these lines: I realize that her duties might have kept her from having a physical presence in the department, but it taught me that circumstances like that are not conducive to a healthy working environment.Tell me about an ethical dilemma you faced.According to the article, Situations that rest in the gray area are most effective with this sort of question, as those circumstances require leadership, nuance and maturity. This means that you need to avoid discussing any ethical dilemmas youve faced that have clear-cut answers to them, as these sho uld not have been a dilemma in the first place. For example, if your manager has sexually harassed you in the past, the harassment should have been quickly reported. There is no gray area to this situation; your manager was in the wrong.Your interviewer will want to see that you know how to approach true gray-area situations with maturity and professionalism. For a similar example, if youve been in a situation in which your employer was accused of sexual harassment by multiple women but you were never harassed, you might explain it like this:There were accusations within the department that my manager had sexually harassed multiple women. I had never been harassed by him personally but a good friend of mine had, and I believed her story. So, when I was interviewed by the investigating committee about the accusations, I clearly stated that I had never felt any level of harassment from my manager and that he seemed to perform his duties well and with integrity, from my point of view. However, I did tell them that I had heard of the allegations from accusers who I trusted to tell the truth, but I did not see the harassment take place.Tell me about yourself.With an open-ended question like this one, its easy for applicants to get off track or forget the intent of the question. Think of this question as an invitation to hear your two-minute elevator pitch as to what makes you a qualified candidate for the MBA program and what your immediate and long-term goals are. You can throw in a bit of information about your hobbies and passions in life, but rememberâ€"only hit the highlights and keep it under two minutes. Plan out this pitch before you go to your interview and know exactly what youll highlight when you give it.Plan out your elevator pitch before you go to your interview and know exactly what youll highlight when you give it. Photo by Austin Distel on Unsplash.More questions to prepare forAs promised, lets look at a few more frequently asked questions for MBA program applicants, along with some suggestions for how to respond. Here are some more of the top ones, along with ideas to clarify your answer:Why have you decided to apply to business school? (Show that youve had a solid career trajectory toward this moment and choice.)Why does this particular program appeal to you? (Do your research! Give solid, precise reasons why youre choosing this program over others.)Why should we admit you instead of someone else? (Dont be humble here, let them know what you believe it is about yourself that stands apart from others trying to get into the program.)How do you plan to use your MBA? (Have a list of both your short- and long-term goals ready for when they ask this question. You need to be able to articulate exactly what you plan to do with your degree, both while you are earning it and afterwards, including your intended career trajectory.)If you are admitted to our program, what do you think your biggest challenge will be? (Let them know that you understand exactly how challenging an MBA program will be and how you plan to overcome those challenges.)How would your colleagues describe you? (Dont use this as simply an opportunity to brag; rather, be sincere and relate some of the professional and personal qualities those who know you and work around you are likely to list. It will be an opportunity for the interviewer to see you as a person instead of just another number on his or her list of applicants.)Do you have any questions for me? (Never bypass this opportunity to find out more about the program, its history, or its direction. This shows that you are paying attention and that you have a curious mindâ€"two important and necessary qualities to make it through any MBA program.)

How The Internet Affects The Human Brain Changes Its...

Rough Draft Are you on the connected to the internet every day? If so, your brain’s way of functioning is changing, for better or for worse. After five days of accessing the internet, the human brain changes its pathways and alters how it retains information. When a person uses the internet repeatedly, their brain remembers facts based on where to find the information instead of the actual information. Depending on the age of the person using the internet and how frequently they use it, the brain function and social skills normally being learned through face to face contact is altered as well as memory. As we continue to use the internet as a form of external memory, we are starting to rely on it much like the Greeks started to rely on†¦show more content†¦Since the use of the internet is still a new mode of accessing information, there is very little we know about the effects it has on our brains. Even what we are finding now could be interpreted for or against internet use. In the article â€Å"Neuroscience: Browsing and the Brain,† the authors analyze two books written by experts in the field that have opposing views. Both see similar information, but one interprets it as positive effects and the other sees them as negative. Since the topic is still relatively new, we don’t have enough evidence to make a definite statement in either direction. Nicholas Carr’s book The Shallows, according to the authors in the article, takes a negative view on the research available. He sees the activity of using the internet as a negative experience because the changes it causes the brain may lead to loss of other ways of processing information. In Nick Bilton’s I Live in the Future sees the use of the internet as solely positive, creating new possibilities for the human brain to function, allowing the brain to adapt and explore the new possibilities. The information both of the books are based on is an MRI study that is explained in â€Å"Y our Brain on Google: Patterns of Cerebral Activation during Internet Searching.† The study was taken to understand how the human brain functions with differing levels of internet use. A test is administered to

Strategies For Reform Throughout Managed Health Care

Aubrey Runnels 9/28/15 Summary Form #2 Group focus: Strategies for reform in managed health care Reading Sections: Chapters 34 (MW), Chapter 2 (C,CC), Chapters 3, 4,5 (J), and Ted Talks: Aaron Huey: America’s native prisoners of war 1. Summary of each assigned reading and video: Ted Talks: In the Ted Talks video of Aaron Huey, Huey makes the point that the Lakota people are now suffering due to the damage that the U.S. has done over many years. This damage includes the following: The Wounded Knee Massacre, which was when the U.S. killed 300 â€Å"Prisoners of war†. When the Lakota people felt like prisoners on their own land when they were forced to live on the Pine Rich Reservation which is known as a war camp, most unemployed†¦show more content†¦What has nature ever done for us?: Chapters 3,4,5 Chapter 3: Plants and animals are very important to human life. Plants and animals developed natural forms of protection against biological attacks. Unfortunately, when we modify plants some can’t fulfill their normal duties. We need to keep our plant and animal life as pure and natural as possible. Chapter 4: In this chapter the author stresses the importance of creatures that pollinate such as insects, birds, bats, and bees. Bees are the primary source of pollination for much of our plant life. Without bees we wouldn’t have plants and the dropping numbers of the bee population is negatively affecting our food production. Chapter 5: This chapter starts off talking about the drop of numbers of vultures in India. Most of which became extinct. This was due to a new anti-inflammatory drug that was given to sick animals. Vultures eat dead carcasses which was a good thing for everyone. After the vultures fed on the bodies of other animals that had been given this drug they died. Without vultures, the bodies of the animals were buried or burned. Not to mention that the bodies of the dead animals sitting in the sun was a public health hazard. When the population of vultures disappeared, the population of feral dogs increased. This was a bad thing. This brought on multiple diseases with one of them being rabies. Noted in the chapter ( 47,395-48,886 additional deaths from rabies). Ultimately, what

Cement Lifecycle Review Free Essays

string(68) " and water are utilized to cool the temperature \(Anonymous 2012\)\." Life Cycle Review of Cement and Concrete Manufacturing Table of Contents Introduction3 Concrete Overview3 Life Cycle Stages4 Portland Cement4 Raw Material Extraction5 Crushing Process5 Kiln Processing6 Clinker Cooling and Storage7 Clinker Grinding7 Packaging and Shipping7 Concrete Processing8 Recycling and Landfill8 Environmental Considerations Throughout Life Stages9 Inputs: Consumption9 Outputs: Waste10 Air Quality and Pollution11 Land Quality and Biodiversity12 Alternative Suggestions in Minimizing Environmental Impact13 Solutions for Minimising Ecological Footprint13 Solutions for Improving Air Quality13 Solutions for Minimising Land Degradation14 References15 Introduction A life-cycle assessment (LCA), as described by the US Environmental Protection Agency, is â€Å"a technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a products life from cradle-to-grave†(USPA 2010). Therefore, an assessment of a product’s life cycle endeavors to analyze its existence from raw material extraction, to manufacturing, through to disposal. This report will not provide adequate data for the purpose of undertaking an LCA, however, it is aimed at â€Å"thinking† about the life cycle, and collecting information from past LCA studies to undertake a report on concrete production, particularly focusing on the life-cycle of cement, a critical component of concrete. We will write a custom essay sample on Cement Lifecycle Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, the following â€Å"life cycle thinking† review will endeavor to utilize previous LCA studies in order gain an insight about the major environmental impacts throughout each lifestage, chiefly centering on cement manufacturing. Correspondingly, it will also discuss alternative strategies of delivering cement and concrete as a building material with fewer environmental impacts. Concrete Overview Concrete is a multifaceted construction material, which is assembled mainly from cement, water and aggregate (Reding et al 1977). Concrete is one of the most durable building materials, which allows it to exhibit many functions, including; precast elements, underwater construction, infrastructure formation and residential housing. In view of the fact that the life cycle stages and environmental impacts differ between manufacturing for each function concrete withholds, this report will focus on concretes function as a building material for residential housing and apartments (Anonymous 2012). Concrete is labeled one of the most durable building materials; therefore concrete structures withhold an elongated service life (Reding et al 1977. As a result of this, concrete is the most extensively used construction material in the world and has contributed momentously to the built environment throughout history. Life Cycle Stages In a straightforward description, as mentioned above, concrete consists of three basic components, including cement, aggregates and water. Although there are various cement blends used for different purposes, this lifecycle review will focus particularly on Portland cement manufacturing, which is frequently utilized for industrial purposes (Anonymous 2012). In observing a life cycle of concrete manufacturing, the production of cement generally takes place separately, which is then transported to the selected building location, where water and aggregates are added to bind all components into one homogenous material – concrete (Anonymous 2012). Although there are obviously procedures in obtaining the water and aggregate for concrete production, the life-cycle discussed in this report will focus primarily on Portland Cement production (Reding et al 1977). Portland Cement The major raw materials extracted for cement production include limestone, sand, shale and clay. These feedstock ingredients provide calcium carbonate, alumina, silica and ferric oxide, which are critical elements of cement (Anonymous 2012). Figure 1: Proportion of cement components (CCAA 2010) Raw Material Extraction The initial stage of Portland cement production is the extraction of the raw materials by either quarrying or mining (Anonymous 2012). This withholds an adverse risk to land quality, potentially effecting fauna and flora within close proximity. Quarrying and mining are undertaken by operations such as drilling, blasting, excavating, handling, loading, hauling, and crushing (Reding et al 1977). The fragmented material, which can reach meters in length, is then transported via dump trucks to the cement plant, which is generally located nearby (Anonymous 2012). Crushing Process When transferred to the plant, the rock material is fed through a primary crusher, which breaks it down into smaller pieces up to six inches in size (Anonymous 2012). Subsequently, the rock is then transported via a conveyor to the secondary crushing stage, which accordingly, crushes the rock down to sizes of three inches or less. Following these essential crushing processes, all raw material undergoes a mixing and grinding process, where additional silica and iron may be added (Anonymous 2012). Within this stage, particulate emissions are profoundly emitted into the atmosphere. The mixing process can either be wet or dry, depending on the plant, however, the Cement Industry Federation states in their most recent Environmental Report that wet process plants in Australia now only account for less then 15% of total production, as wet processes have momentous water consumption (CIF 2010). In the instance of a wet mixing and grinding process, large impact dryers completely dry out the materials whilst grinding is undertaken, however if a wet process is embarked on, water is added during the grinding process which turns the mix into the form of a â€Å"slurry† (Anonymous 2012). Kiln Processing This process involves the slurry or the finely ground dry material to be fed into a high-temperature, cylindrical rotary kiln, heated to about 2700 degrees F (Anonymous 2012). Kilns are mounted with the axis slightly inclined from the horizontal and can reach up to 180m long, with a six meter diameter, thus it can take up to two hours for the material to travel through. The upper end of the kiln provides the entrance for the material, whereas the lower end comprises a roaring blast of flame, fueled by either coal or natural gas. During this process, any water contained in a â€Å"slurry† mix is lost through evaporation (Reding et al 1977). Ultimately, as the mixture travels through the kiln, it transforms both physically and chemically into grey pebble-like substances called clinker (Anonymous 2012). During kiln processing, particulate and GHG emissions are released. This stage also consumes the most energy, as fossil fuels are incinerated to provide extreme heat. Clinker Cooling and Storage The clinker is expelled from the lower end of the kiln and is then transported onto a conveyer through a cooling system where large fans and water are utilized to cool the temperature (Anonymous 2012). You read "Cement Lifecycle Review" in category "Essay examples" The United Kingdom Environmental Agency state in their Environmental Performance Evaluation, that the vast majority of cement plants around the world now transfer the heated air from the coolers back towards the kiln as a means of saving fuel (UKEA 2010). Once the clinker is cooled, it is deposited into a storage area where it awaits until it is required for it’s final stage of grinding. Clinker Grinding The clinker is finally transported via a conveyor to its final crushing stage and is ground into a fine powder. This is carried out by steering the product through rotating tube mills with rolling crushers, which grind the cement into a fine powder. During this stage, other materials conveying analogous characteristics are added. Gypsum is also combined with the mix, as it assists in regulating the setting time of the final concrete product (Anonymous 2012). The continuous rolling assists in distributing the materials and gypsum throughout the cement evenly, and also separates the cement particles according to size (Reding et al 1977) . The material that has not been ground to the adequate size is deflected through the system again, however the final product is guided to the final storage silo (Anonymous 2012). Packaging and Shipping The final product is either mechanically or hydraulically hauled out from its storage silo and is either packaged in paper sacks or supplied in bulk where it is then transported via truck, rail car or ship to the location of utilization (Anonymous 2012). Transportation must still be taken into consideration in contributing to the manufacturing air emissions. Concrete Processing Once transported to the building location, the addition of water to the cementitious material forms a thick cement paste, through the method of hydration (Anonymous 2012). Both fine and course aggregates; consisting of natural gravel, sand and soft stone are also commonly added to the cement paste, to create bulk and a strong, high resistant concrete (CCAA 2010). Aggregates are granular materials such as sand, gravel or crushed stone, which are usually dredged from a river, lake, pit or seabed (CCAA 2010). Prior to combining the aggregate in the cement, it undergoes a washing process to remove any unwanted silt, dust, clay or organic matter that could potentially interfere with the bonding reaction with the cement (Cement Industry Australia 2003). Similarly to the cement manufacture process, the aggregate is also sorted into different granular sizes (Anonymous 2012). This is undertaken by passing the material through a screen containing different size openings. Once arranged into adequate sizing, the aggregate is transported to the building site where it congregates with the cement (CCAA 2010). Thorough combining of cement, water and aggregate is crucial for the invention of high quality, uniform concrete, therefore equipment and methods such as cement trucks and on site mixers are utilized (CCAA 2010). Once all the constituents are thoroughly combined, it is molded or positioned as anticipated and then left to harden. Recycling and Landfill When a concrete building structure reaches the end of it’s life, either recycling or landfill is an option (CCAA 2010). The process of demolition of a concrete structure involves pulling it down either mechanically or manually through the utilization of excavators or bulldozers (Chen et al 2010). Larger buildings however, may require more powerful equipment. Following, the shattered concrete fragments are either transported by trucks to landfills for disposal or collected from the annihilation site and transported to a crushing facility, where it is fed through a crushing machine to be broken down and used for aggregate of new concrete (Cement Australia 2003). In conjunction with quarries, landfills also hold significant environmental consequences, as it can destroy or alter species habitat. Environmental Considerations Throughout Life Stages Inputs: Consumption The Cement Industry Federation (CIF) states in their 2003 environmental report, that the cement manufacturing process is extremely energy and resource intensive, therefore, it withholds a significant environmental footprint (CIF 2003). As displayed in the life-cycle diagram (figure 2), raw materials, energy and in some instances water, are the chief inputs associated with the manufacturing process, therefore, their consumption levels are predominantly to blame for the industries heightened environmental footprint (Anonymous 2012). Cement Australia (2010) states that on average, water utilization of a modern dry cement plant is between one hundred to two hundred litres per tonne of clinker produced (Cement Australia 2010). This water consumption is primarily used for cooling heavy equipment and exhaust gas. Although this appears quite high, Chen et al (2010) mentions that it is a dramatic improvement from earlier, yet still subsisting wet process cement plants (Chen et al 2010). The addition of water in cement to create the final product of concrete also consumes a large quantity of water. Similarly, the cement industry is highly energy intensive, especially during the kiln life stage (CIF 2003). Generally, cement plants today use natural gas, heavy oil and coal for fuel (Chen et al 2010). However, as coal accounts for almost 40 per cent of manufacturing costs, the utilization of fossil fuels in cement production has decreased since 1990 and has been partly substituted by alternative fuels (CIF 2003). The impact the high consumption of fossil fuels possesses on the environment is accelerated greenhouse releasement into the atmosphere, thus contributing to global warming (Chen et al 2010). Therefore, environmental consideration of adequate selection of alternative fuels is crucial in minimizing the environmental footprint. Outputs: Waste Furthermore, the outputs within each life stage also exhibit environmental issues throughout the entire cycle, from resource extraction through to landfill (Chen et al 2010). The outputs fluctuate and vary between atmospheric emissions, waterbourne wastes, solid wastes and other co-product releases (CIF 2003). These outputs, in conjunction with the reasonably high input consumption, are the causes of the evident impacts the industry posses on the environment. Lemay Leed (2011), mention in a broad perspective that air emissions leading to climate change, resource depletion, water consumption, ecotoxicity, eutrophocation, human health criteria, habitat alteration, smog formation and acidification are the main documented impacts that occur throughout the cement manufacturing process, whether it be instant or over time (Lemay Leed 2011). Although there is clearly a vast array of impacts associated with cement manufacturing and concrete assembly, the impact on air quality and land quality appear to be considered by numerous LCAs to be a vital issue associated with manufacture, therefore they will be analyzed in more thorough detail. Air Quality and Pollution Air pollution is highly likely to occur throughout each life stage of cement production, whether it is a result of fuel combustion or particulates from raw and finished materials (CIF 2003). Eco Tech (2011) mentions in its Cement Industry Report, that the uttermost crucial impacts associated with air pollution include; hydrocarbons and particulates which posses a threat to human health and environmental quality, and greenhouse gas emissions accelerating climate change (EcoTech 2011). In relation to Greenhouse gas emissions, Chen et al (2010) scrutinized in his Cement Plant Evaluation, that different Portland cement plants around the world is under close inspection these days because of the large volumes of CO2 emitted (Chen et al 2010). The report also continues to address that almost one tonne of CO2 is released for every one tonne of cement produced in the industry, which appears to be momentous considering in the year 2010, the world produced approximately 3. 6 billion tonnes of cement (Rosenwald 2011). Contrary to greenhouse gas emissions, dust emissions are at their highest peak at the initial quarrying stage and the final building demolition stage, as a result of forceful blasting and obliterating (Chen et al 2010). Other sources of dust emissions, however, are raw mills, kilns/ clinker coolers and cement mills. The Cement Industry Federation (2003) states that transportation of raw materials from the quarry to the site and stockpiles of raw materials contribute significantly to dust emissions (CIF 2003). Overall, the dust emissions released throughout the different life stages impact momentously on air quality, thus it threatens human health and overall environmental quality. Dust is the most common and extensive air pollutant from a quarry (CIF 2010). It has different origins in a quarry site such as mechanical handling operations that include crushing and grading process; haulage with which is related to the vehicle, and the nature and condition of the way; blasting; additional manufacturing operations and wind blow from paved areas, stockpiles (Chen et al 2010) . Land Quality and Biodiversity The central issue of cement production upon land quality comes from quarrying, atmospheric deposition, disposal of wastes and storage of raw material (CIF 2003). These issues, predominantly atmospheric deposition, arise from merely every life stage of cement manufacturing; therefore it is an issue that must be taken into great consideration (Chen et al 2010). Quarrying and landfill have both direct and indirect environmental impacts on land and its surrounding biodiversity (Chen et al 2010). The direct impacts include habitat destruction thus biodiversity loss, dust inhalation and noise from rock drilling and blasting (CIF 2010). Subsequently, the effects of cement works on habitats are difficult to quantify, however the potential harm is much greater in vulnerable areas. The US Environmental Protection Agency (2002), states in their report that two large operating cement plants in England are located on the edge of National Parks, therefore site selection must be considered in depth prior to implementation (USEA 2002). On the other hand, indirect impacts can potentially cause different catastrophes such as landslides and flashfloods in and around quarry sites (Chen et al 2010) . Furthermore, dust particulate has physical effects on plants, such as damage and blockage to the leaf surface, which may lead to death if photosynthesis is unable to occur (Chen et al 2010). Chemical effects on the other hand, can potentially produce changes in soil chemistry, which ultimately leads to changes in the long term associated with plant chemistry alterations, species competition and community structure (CIF 2010). Dust particulates from quarrying and wastes also affect waterways, as supplementary sedimentation may cause nearby reservoirs to dry out or flood (Chen et al 2010) . Alternative Suggestions in Minimizing Environmental Impact Solutions for Minimising Ecological Footprint Due to the significant amount of energy consumed in cement manufacturing, the cement industry has considerably focused over a long period on escalating plant efficiency and decreasing energy consumption. Cement Australia (2010) affirms that the Australia Cement Industry has seen a 23% decrease in CO2 emissions in the period between 1990-2009 (Cement Australia 2010). Although this is a significant decrease, further methods could potentially be utilized to further cutback consumption. Firstly, energy could be more efficiently recycled and transferred within the plant system. For example, excess heat from the clinker cooler being transferred back to the kiln stage to prevent energy waste should be implemented in all modern cement plants (Lemay Leed 2011). Secondly, alternative fuels should be enhanced, especially in clinker manufacture. Alternative fuels may include items such as tyres, oils and tarrow. Solutions for Improving Air Quality As mentioned earlier, air emissions for GHG release has improved over the last decade as a result of utilization of alternative fuels. This however, has the potential to be further improved, therefore complete replacement of fossil fuels to alternative fuels could potentially take place to completely eradicate GHG releasement (Lemay Leed 2011). In addition, the Cement Industry Federation (2010) asserts that improvement techniques for dust collection such as baghouse dust collectors has also been implemented over the past century (CIF 2010). Although there have been improvements, likewise, the potential for further development still remains. Perhaps aspects of the layout design could be improved, as a means of stockpile design and transportation throughout the system. Containment of conveyors could be implemented and perhaps pipelines, which substitute transport to and from the quarry to the plant, could be considered to prevent particulate emissions being released (Lemay Leed 2011). In addition, the moistening of the raw material throughout the crushing stages via sprays could also potentially to instigated to minimize dust release (CIF 2010). Filters and collectors could also be applied within each stage so the dust gathered can be sent through to the kiln for clinker production Solutions for Minimising Land Degradation Unfortunately quarrying and landfill in any form will impact on land quality, however methods such as buffer zones between workings and alternative habitats for defined species could be considered in an attempt to conserve biodiversity within or around the sites (Lemay Leed 2011). Rehabilitation programs to restore once existing biodiversity on site could also be considered when the quarry material is completely exploited. Additionally, as displayed in the life cycle review, recycling of the final concrete material is an option as opposed to landfill. Perhaps the promotion of further cement and concrete recycling could be considered to avoid the amount of quarrying required. This would also minimize the amount of product discarded into landfill, thus retaining natural habitat. References Abdul-Wahab S. 2006. â€Å"Impact of fugitive dust emissions from cement plants on nearby communities†. Ecological Modelling. Vol: 195. Issue: 3-4. Page 338-348. Anonymous. 2012. â€Å"How Portland Cement is Made†. Portland Cement Association. Available: www. cement. org/basics/howmade. asp. (Last Accessed 7/10/12) Cement Australia. 2010. Environmental Performance†. Cement Australia. Available: www. cementaustralia. com. au/wps/wcm/connect/website/cement/home/sustainable-development/environmental-performance (Last Accessed 10/10/12) Cement Concrete and Aggregates Australia (CCAA). 2010. â€Å"Sustainable Concrete Materials†. CCAA. Available: www. concrete. net. au/sustainability/documents/documents2. pdf. (Last Accessed 7/10/12) Chen C, Habert G, Bouzidi Y, Jullie A. 2010. â€Å"Environmental impact of cement production: detail of the different processes nd cement plant variability evaluation†. Journal of Cleaner Production. Vol: 18. Issue: 5. Page 478-485 Lemay L, Leed A. 2011. â€Å" Life Cycle Assessment of Concrete Buildings†. Concrete Sustainability Report. Available: www. nrmca. org/sustainability/CSRO4%20-%Life%20Cycle%20Assessment%20Concrete. pdf (Last Accessed 10/10/12 Nisbet M. 1996. â€Å"The Reduction of Resource Input and Emissions Achieved by Addition of Limestone to Portland Cement† Research and Development Information. Portland Cement Association. Canada Obajana Cement Project. 2005. â€Å"Social and Environmental Impact Assessment† Obajana Cement Project. Available: www. jaspers. uropa. eu/attachments/pipeline/1191_social_eia_en. pdf (Last Accessed 10/10/12) Park L, Tae S, Kim T. 2012. â€Å"Life Cycle CO2 Assessment of Concrete by Compressive Strength on Construction Site in Korea† Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Vol: 16. Issue: 5. Pages 2940 – 2946. Reding J, Muehlberg P, Shepherd B. 1977. â€Å"Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use† The Cement Industry. Chapter 21. Available: http://www. inece. org/mmcourse/chapt6. pdf. (Last Accessed 7/10/12) Rosenwald M. 2011. â€Å"Building a Better World with Green Cement†. Science and Nature. Available: http://www. smithsonianmag. com/science-nature/Building-a-Better-World-With-Green-Cement. html (Last Accessed 10/10/12) The Energy Conservation Center (ECC). 1994. â€Å"Output of a Seminar on Energy Conservation in Cement Industry†. 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Programmer Alan Turing Essays - Computability Theory,

Programmer Alan Turing Alan Turing was born in London on 23 June 1912. He was the son of Julius Mathius Turing and Ethel Sara Stoney, the youngest of three children, he was born to a distinguished family. His family background includes diplomats and engineers, three of which succeeded to the Royal Society. Alan turing was educated at Sherbourne school, from 1923 to 1931. After which he studied mathematics at Kings College, Cambridge, graduating in 1935 with a B.A. He was elected a fellow of the college on the strength of his paper "On the Gaussian error function", it won a Smiths prize for mathematics in 1936. Turing was brilliant and slightly headstrong, he discovered the central limit theorem for himself, after it had been already discovered and proved. Later in 1936 he went to the United States of America to study at Princeton University for two years with Alonso Church. Turing worked on the theory of computation and in 1937, he presented the paper for which he was to become famous, to the London Mathematical Society. The paper "On computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem", proved that a class of mathematical problems existed which could not be solved by automatic machines and introduced the concept of a theoretical "universal" computing machine (the Turing machine). Turing was awarded a Ph.D. degree for this paper by Princeton University. Alan Turing returned to Kings College in 1938 and when war broke out in 1939, he began work for the government code and cipher school at Bletchley Park. In 1946 Turing was awarded an O.B.E. for designing machines to break the German Enigma codes. After the war Turing declined ffer of a lectureship at Cambridge, to join the mathematics division of the National Physics Laboratory at Teddington, where he began to design the general computer called the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE). In 1948 Turing was appointed reader in the theory of computation at the University of Manchester and made assistant director of Manchester Automatic Digital Machine (MADAM). Two years later Turing published a paper in "Mind" entitled "computing machinery and intelligence". In the paper Turing concluded that by his definition of thinking, it was possible to make intelligent machines. uring's last years were spent working at home. In 1952 he published the "Chemical basis of morphogenesis", it applied mathematical and mechanical theory to biology. Alan Turing died from self administered poisoning on 7 June 1954. Alan Turing's place in history was earned by his theory of computation which he worked out in 1936 and 1937.